الأعطال المتتالية والأعطال المستقرة ذاتيًا (Metastable)

في هذا الدرس

recognize failure patterns that sustain themselves and break them.

الموضوعات المخطط لها

• Cascading failure: overload in one component pushes load to others (failover traffic, retries) until many fail.
• Metastable failure: a trigger (a short slowdown) leaves the system in a bad state sustained by its own reaction, such as retries or queue backlog, even after the trigger is gone.
• Retry storm: clients retry failing calls, multiplying load; layered retries multiply (3 × 3 × 3 = 27 calls).
• Breaking the loop: shed load, disable or limit retries, circuit breakers, backoff with jitter, drain queues or reduce inflow, then restore capacity gradually.
• Prevent: retry budgets, timeouts that shrink down the call chain, admission control.