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في هذا الدرس

estimate costs by order of magnitude.

الموضوعات المخطط لها

• Memory access is nanoseconds; SSD reads are microseconds; a same-datacentre round trip is about half a millisecond.
• A cross-continent round trip is on the order of 100 ms or more.
• Each remote call costs roughly thousands of times a local call.
• Chaining calls adds up: five sequential 20 ms calls cost at least 100 ms.
• Numbers shift with hardware; use them for ratios, not precision (verify figures before recording).