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أمين أبوزيد
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BEG-001

فهم الحاسوب

  • 6 درس
  • 79 دقيقة قراءة
  • 2 ساعة تدريب (تقدير)
ابدأ الوحدة
في هذه الصفحة 8 موضوعات

نص الدروس والتمارين باللغة الإنجليزية، بينما تبقى واجهة الموقع وعناوين الدروس بالعربية.

نظرة عامة

الموضوعات

  • ماذا يفعل الحاسوب
  • العتاد مقابل البرمجيات
  • CPU وRAM وSSD
  • التخزين
  • الإدخال والإخراج
  • النظام الثنائي والبتات
  • أنظمة التشغيل
  • العمليات والتطبيقات

تعلّم أولًا

  • لا يلزم شيء

79 دقيقة قراءة · 2 ساعة تدريب (تقدير)

مخرجات التعلم

  1. Name the main hardware components (CPU, RAM, storage, I/O devices) and state each one's job.
  2. Explain why data in RAM is lost on power-off and data on an SSD is not.
  3. Convert small numbers between decimal and binary, and explain bits and bytes.
  4. Distinguish an operating system, an application, and a process, and list running processes on their own machine.

الدروس

  1. 01ماذا يفعل الحاسوب فعلًا: إدخال، معالجة، تخزين، إخراج15 د قراءة
  2. 02CPU وRAM والتخزين: تشبيه المطبخ13 د قراءة
  3. 03البتات والبايتات والأعداد الثنائية14 د قراءة
  4. 04مهمة نظام التشغيل12 د قراءة
  5. 05التطبيقات والعمليات: جولة في Task Manager / Activity Monitor13 د قراءة
  6. 06عرض عملي: مراقبة RAM وCPU أثناء فتح التطبيقات12 د قراءة

المختبر والتمارين

Each exercise lists the outcome it checks. جرّب كل تمرين بنفسك أولًا، ثم افتح الحلول النموذجية في نهاية هذا القسم.

Lab

BEG-001-LAB1 · Know your machine

Outcomes: 1, 2, 4 · Time: ~1 h

  1. Record your CPU model, total RAM, and storage type (SSD/HDD) and capacity.
  2. Note the current RAM in use and CPU % with only the system idle.
  3. Find the five processes using the most memory. Write name, PID, and memory for each.
  4. Open one large application. Record RAM in use again.
  5. Close it and record RAM once more.

Acceptance criteria

  • A table with the values from steps 1–5.
  • One sentence per observation explaining it with the terms CPU, RAM, storage, or process (for example, why RAM rose when the app opened and fell when it closed).

Exercises

IDOutcomeTask
BEG-001-EX011For a smartphone, list two input devices, two output devices, and where its storage is.
BEG-001-EX021Match each to CPU, RAM, or storage: "holds your photos for years", "runs the instructions", "holds the app you are using right now".
BEG-001-EX032Explain in two sentences why an unsaved document is lost in a power cut but a saved one is not.
BEG-001-EX043Convert to decimal: 101, 1111, 10010.
BEG-001-EX053Convert to binary: 5, 12, 20, 37.
BEG-001-EX063How many different values can 3 bits hold? 8 bits? 10 bits? Write the pattern you used.
BEG-001-EX073A photo file is 3 MB. Roughly how many bytes is that?
BEG-001-EX084Give one example of each: an operating system, an application, a process.
BEG-001-EX094Open two windows of the same app. How many processes do you see, and how can you tell?
BEG-001-EX104Start a process that uses CPU (for example, a video in the browser). Find it in Task Manager / Activity Monitor and record its PID and CPU %.
أظهر الحلول
  • EX01 Input: touch screen, microphone, camera. Output: screen, speaker. Storage: internal flash memory.
  • EX02 Storage; CPU; RAM.
  • EX03 An unsaved document exists only in RAM, which needs power to keep data. Saving copies it to storage (SSD), which keeps data without power.
  • EX04 5, 15, 18.
  • EX05 101, 1100, 10100, 100101.
  • EX06 8, 256, 1024. Pattern: 2ⁿ for n bits.
  • EX07 About 3,000,000 bytes (3,145,728 if using 1024-based units; either accepted).
  • EX08 Any valid triple, for example Windows / Chrome / the Chrome process with PID 4312.
  • EX09 Depends on app; many apps show several processes. Evidence: separate rows with different PIDs.
  • EX10 Any running process with its PID and CPU % recorded.

الاختبار

10 questions. Each question lists the outcome it checks (O1–O4). Answers are at the end.

اختبار ذاتي لك: لا توجد درجات، ولا يُحفظ أو يُرسل أي شيء. اختر إجابة ثم تحقق منها، ويمكنك المحاولة مرة أخرى كما تشاء.

  1. 1Which part of a computer executes instructions?O1
  2. 2A microphone is an example of:O1
  3. 3Which sequence matches the kitchen analogy: chef, countertop, pantry?O1
  4. 4You edit a document and the computer loses power before you save. Why is your work gone?O2
  5. 5Which statement is true?O2
  6. 6How many bits are in one byte?O3
  7. 7What is binary 1010 in decimal?O3
  8. 8What is decimal 6 in binary?O3
  9. 9Which best describes a process?O4
  10. 10Which of these is NOT a main job of the operating system?O4

الجزء العملي

Convert five numbers to and from binary, chosen from this bank: BEG-001-EX04 and BEG-001-EX05 values, plus 7, 14, 25, 11001, 1000, 10110. Pass: at least 4 of 5 correct with working shown.

أخطاء شائعة

Confusing storage capacity with memory; thinking "the computer" means the monitor or case; treating a process and a program as the same thing.

التقييم

Quiz (10 questions) plus converting five numbers to and from binary.

الصلة بالمسار الوظيفي

Vocabulary for every later topic: memory (BEG-038, MID-002), processes (JNR-048), performance (MID-008).

اكتب للبحث في المستويات والمراحل والوحدات والدروس.