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explain the inverted index and why full-text search is fast.

الموضوعات المخطط لها

• Normal index: document → words. Inverted index: word → list of documents containing it.
• A query looks up each word and combines the lists (AND/OR), so it does not scan every document.
• Engines (Lucene-based: OpenSearch, Elasticsearch) split an index into shards for scale and replicas for availability.
• Search is near-real-time: a document becomes searchable after a refresh (about a second by default; verify).
• A search engine is a derived view of data, not a database of record.