تصحيح الأخطاء (Debugging)
في هذه الصفحة 8 موضوعات
نص الدروس والتمارين باللغة الإنجليزية، بينما تبقى واجهة الموقع وعناوين الدروس بالعربية.
نظرة عامة
الموضوعات
- نقاط التوقف (Breakpoints)
- الدخول إلى/تخطّي/الخروج من (step into/over/out)
- فحص المتغيرات
- تتبّعات المكدس (stack traces)
- الأخطاء الشائعة
تعلّم أولًا
71 دقيقة قراءة · 3 ساعة تدريب (تقدير)
مخرجات التعلم
- Set breakpoints (including conditional ones) and step into, over, and out in IntelliJ.
- Inspect and watch variables to find where actual behavior diverges from expected.
- Read a stack trace and navigate to the failing line.
- Apply a systematic process: reproduce, isolate, hypothesize, test, fix, verify.
الدروس
- 01منهجية لتصحيح الأخطاء12 د قراءة
- 02نقاط التوقف والتنقّل خطوة بخطوة12 د قراءة
- 03المتغيرات وقوائم المراقبة وتقييم التعبيرات (evaluate expression)12 د قراءة
- 04قراءة تتبّعات المكدس (stack traces)12 د قراءة
- 05فهرس لأخطاء وقت التشغيل الشائعة12 د قراءة
- 06عرض عملي: مطاردة خطأ كاملة من البلاغ إلى الإصلاح11 د قراءة
المختبر والتمارين
Lab
BEG-018-LAB1 · Bug hunt
Outcomes: 1–4 · Time: ~2 h You receive five small programs, each with one logic bug. For each, write a trail:
- Reproduction steps (input, expected, actual).
- Your hypothesis.
- The line found with the debugger (breakpoint, stepping, watches).
- The fix and how you verified it.
Acceptance: all five fixed with a written trail.
Exercises (assessment: live debugging demonstration, also part of the BEG graduation gate)
| ID | Outcome | Task |
|---|---|---|
| BEG-018-EX01 | 1 | Set a conditional breakpoint that stops only on iteration 50 of a 100-iteration loop, then step into, over, and out of a method call. |
| BEG-018-EX02 | 2 | Using watches, find where sum first differs from your hand-traced value in a given program. |
| BEG-018-EX03 | 3 | Read a provided stack trace: name the exception, the failing line, and the calling method. |
| BEG-018-EX04 | 4 | Write the six-step debugging process and apply it to "average prints the wrong value for [1, 2]". |
| BEG-018-EX05 | 3 | Match three exceptions (NullPointerException, NumberFormatException, ArithmeticException) to code that causes each. |
أظهر الحلول
- EX01 Right-click the breakpoint, enter
i == 49(ori == 50depending on the loop start); use F8, F7, Shift+F8. - EX02 Add a watch for
sum; compare it with your trace table on each pass; the first mismatch is the clue. - EX03 Read the first line for type and message, then the first line with your own class and its line number.
- EX04 Reproduce with
[1, 2]; isolate the average method; hypothesis integer division; test with a debugger watch; fix with(double) sum / count; verify with[1, 2]and[2, 4, 6]. - EX05
String s = null; s.length();Integer.parseInt("abc");5 / 0. - Outcome 4 is also assessed by the live debugging demonstration and the lab written trails.
الاختبار
Outcomes: O1 breakpoints and stepping · O2 inspecting variables · O3 stack traces · O4 debugging process.
اختبار ذاتي لك: لا توجد درجات، ولا يُحفظ أو يُرسل أي شيء. اختر إجابة ثم تحقق منها، ويمكنك المحاولة مرة أخرى كما تشاء.
الجزء العملي
Five exercises BEG-018-EX01 to EX05 plus the five-bug hunt with written trails; the live debugging demonstration (also part of the BEG graduation gate) is assessed by the instructor. Pass: all five bugs fixed with trails and a successful live demonstration.
أخطاء شائعة
Changing code at random; adding print statements everywhere instead of breakpoints; fixing the symptom, not the cause.
التقييم
Live debugging demonstration (also part of the BEG graduation gate).
الصلة بالمسار الوظيفي
Grows into troubleshooting (JNR-054), profiling (MID-008), and incident handling (MID-050).